30 Kasım 2020
30 November 2020
The ARMENIAN Diaspora persistently continues to ignore its HUNNINGS, the deportations they have suffered throughout history, especially the genocides perpetrated by the Byzantine Empire. They express their deportation within the borders of the country where they live, ignoring the background of the deportation in question. Not content with uttering words, they are making intense efforts in the international arena for the deportation to be considered genocide. I wonder, SPINOZA; “If I know the truth and you are ignorant, it is a moral duty for me to change your thoughts and ways; He did not say the phrase “it would be cruelty and selfishness to refrain from doing so”. Of course to those who understand ...
My spelling VI. In the chapter I said, "I will try to share in my next articles which country and on what dates the Armenians started going, and that this departure has nothing to do with the events of 1915."
As they claim, the Armenians did not migrate heavily after the 1915 deportation. Again, my article VI. As can be understood from the distribution of the Armenian population in the world I gave in chapter, this cannot be explained with just one date. Let's take a look at the Armenian population of CYPRUS, how and when the ARMENIANS went to CYPRUS and the history of CYPRUS in this direction in order for some to understand;
“CYPRUS is an important island geopolitically because it is located at a point where the continents of ASIA, EUROPE and AFRICA intersect. Therefore, CYPRUS has attracted the attention of peoples from different geographies throughout history. Among these peoples in CYPRUS; Ya'kubis, Latins, Greeks, Nestorians, Tatars, Franks, Arabs, Peloponnese, Moorish, Genoese, Venetians, Jews, Hittites, Assyrians, Syrians, Maronites, Lombards, Spaniards, Catalans, Bulgarians, Hungarians, French, Yafians, Assyrians' Nations such as Macedonians, Armenians, Turks, Albanians and British can be mentioned. " ([one])
"The island has been under the domination of the communities that have established a state around the Mediterranean throughout history due to its location at the point that will control the Eastern-Mediterranean and have fertile lands. According to Herodotus, the first inhabitants of CYPRUS are the Phoenicians. It was a frequent destination for Orthodox, Catholic, Nestorian, Yakubi, Druze, Maronite, Armenian and Jews before the Ottoman Empire. In addition, slave populations from Russia and the Caucasus were brought to the island, as well as Muslim Arabs and Turks were able to settle here. As the candle holders dominated the Çukurova area in 1375, some of the Armenians in the region were settled in Cyprus ”. ([2nd])
"In the Middle Ages, the Mediterranean had become an important part of the slave trade run by pirates and merchants. Slaves of Tatar, Caucasian, Turkish, Greek, Bulgarian, Georgian, Armenian and Russian origin taken from the Black Sea coast were transported to important Mediterranean port cities such as South Anatolia, Akka, Sicily, Genoa, Venice, Marseille, CYPRUS and Alexandria via Istanbul and Aegean islands. . Keeping the pulse of the commercial life of the Mediterranean, CYPRUS has continued its importance in the slave trade from the Middle Ages and became an important stopover point in the North African slave trade in the 19th century. " ([3])
"… .. The first inhabitants of CYPRUS are a mixture of AKAs and elements from SYRIA and ANATOLIA. The first definite information about human settlement in CYPRUS, about BC. In 7000 South TURKEY, from Syria and Palestine it belongs to. After the Roman Empire (A.D. 395) divided into two, CYPRUS Island fell into the share of the Eastern ROME Empire, that is, by Byzantium. At the birth of Christianity, it was one of the first Roman provinces to accept this religion and the Orthodox Church was established. However, the Catholic-Orthodox struggle continued until the Ottoman conquest. " After the domination of Arab Muslim states, “III. In the Crusades, King of JERUSAL Guy de Lusignan was brought to the kingdom of CYPRUS by Richard I, King of England (Richard the Lionheart). The archbishopric of the Orthodox Archbishop Germanos was annulled and the legal existence of the Orthodox Church was ended. LUZINYANS ruled the country for three hundred years. In 1489, the Republic of VENICE annexed the island by roundabouts and after the administration was captured by the VENICE, CYPRUS was ruled by a military governor selected from the nobility of VENICE. This situation continued until the Ottoman occupation. ([4])
“Before the conversion of Christianity, the religion of the ARMENIAN community was the religion of Zoroaster (Fire worship), which was a common religion between Sassanids and Armenians. The entry of Christianity among the Armenians (AD 301) gradually removed them from Zoroastrianism. Sassanid rulers, seeing this situation, were disturbed by the settlement of Christianity among the Armenians. Keyhüsrev and Ardashir, the Sassanid rulers, carried out the first major EXHIBITION by driving thousands of them into IRAN to return the Armenians to their old religion. "([5])
“V. VI from the middle of the century. Conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanids continued throughout the century. Between 564-642, the region was again divided between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanids. The region that included Vaspuragan (Van), Suinik and Dvin, called Pers-Armenia, was left to the Sassanids, the region including Western EERMENISTAN, Theodosiopolis (Erzurum), Melitene (Malatya) and Diyarbakır was left to the Byzantines. In the wars between these two powers, the ARMENIANS took the side of the Byzantines, and when the Sassanids, who defeated the Byzantines, captured the region in 571, most of the ARMENIAN nobles, led by Vardan Mamikonyan, left their lands with the Armenian Catholicos and the bishops and went to ISTANBUL. " ([6])
"Byzantine Empire's ARMENIAN deportation (immigration) policy II. It is also seen before the time of Basileios. " ([7])
"When Cyprus Island was under the rule of the Byzantine Empire (395-1191), for the first time in the 6th century, around 3000 ARMENIAN soldiers came to CYPRUS during the rule of King Moris in Armenia and formed the first Armenian population on the island." ([8])
Asbed (Aspahbadh) Pahlavi was a marzban of ARMENIA in 581-582 and was victorious over Byzantium in a battle in the Shirag region. Thirdly, marzban Frahat (Hirahad) served as a marzban in ARMENIA between 581 and 587 and won against the Byzantines in the Nisibis region. Although the Byzantine Empire was defeated in these battles, it was not something of great importance due to its results and it did not affect Byzantium. The group affected here were undoubtedly the Armenians. Emperor II. The Armenians, who were left alone by Byzantium in the ceasefire during the reign of Iustinos (574), were exiled to CYPRUS in the last year of the emperor's rule - especially the Armenians in the Arzanene region. ([9])
“Justinian also removed the Armenians from their homeland and placed them elsewhere in the empire. However, the number of these deported Armenians was not very large. Large-scale deportations were resorted to by Justinian's successors. In 578, when Tiberius became emperor, 10 thousand Armenians were expelled from their countries and settled on the island of CYPRUS. A larger-scale relocation movement was planned and partially implemented by Tiberius' successor Mavrikios. Although highly suspicious, Mavrikios, who is likely to be of Armenian origin, had the aim of expelling all of the Armenians from their country. According to Sebeos, one of our main sources about this period, Mavrikios said in his letter to the Persian King:
“ARMENIANS are a dishonest and rebellious nation. They are inhabited among us and are a source of mischief. I will collect mine and send it to Thrace; Send yours to the East. If they die there, countless enemies will be dead; If the opposite happens, that is, if they kill, then they will kill countless enemies. We will also live in peace. But if they stay in their country, they will never give us peace. " ([10])
Besides, “CYPRUS was besieged four times between the years (632-964) by the ARAB Muslim states. Caliph Hz. During the Ottoman period, the Governor of Damascus Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan (647-649), after the raids he organized, made the sovereignty of the Muslims accepted CYPRUS. Later, after the establishment of the ARAP Umayyad State, the autonomy of CYPRUS in return for tax payment and this situation continued during the ABBASILER period. During the 300 years of Muslim rule in CYPRUS, production and trade increased and its importance in trade in the MEDITERRANEAN region has been preserved. Byzantine Empire came under the rule of Byzantium again only in 965, when General Nicephorous Phocas (later Emperor Nikeforos Fokas II) attacked the ARABs with a great force and removed them from Crete and CILICA. " ([11th])
“Arab raids started in the region since 640, and after the collapse of the Sassanid Empire in 652, the Umayyads ruled between 661-750 and the Abbasids from 750 onwards. VII. Armenians, who were very important for the Byzantine army for a century, started to be uneasy after the invasion of Armenia by the Arabs, about 700 of the naharars fled to the lands of the Byzantine Empire with their nature and some of them were placed at the entrance of the Black Sea by the emperor. ([12])
"Wars between Byzantine Empire and Arabs in Armenia VIII. It started again in the middle of the century. Due to these wars, in 772, a branch of the ARMENIAN Bagratlı dynasty, which spread to the lengths of the Coruh River, Sarısu, Tigris River, Zap River and Aras River and became rich with trade, settled in the southeast region of Kars, whose center is Daruynk (Doğu Beyazıt). " ([13])
“Another relocation movement VIII. When Constantine V came to power in the century (741-775), thousands of Armenians from Maraş, Malatya and Erzurum regions were immigrated to Thrace. In 792, after the Armeniacs, a military unit consisting of Armenians, rebelled and then the rebellion was suppressed, an Armenian military unit of 10,000 people was settled in SICILIA. Thus, the Byzantine Empire always expelled the Armenians from their places and deported them to other regions. This practice has been a policy frequently used by the Byzantine Emperors. " ([14])
“IX. Until the middle of the century, the Armenians, who lived in the eastern Anatolian principalities depending on the Abbasids, relyed on the Byzantine army that advanced to the region to escape from the pressure of the Arabs, and in 851 this rebellion was suppressed by the Abbasid Emir, the Bull, and all the Armenian nobles, including SIMBAT and BAGARAT ( nakharars) were captured and taken to SAMARRA. " ([15])
"Abû'l Farac stated that in 962/963 there were intense wars between Byzantines and Arabs, during these wars, the lands of the Armenians who were on the side of the Byzantines were also invaded, that the Armenians, who were afraid of the Arabs, went to the Byzantine borders and Sebastia in Cappadocia ) they were settled and multiplied in the region, and then the Byzantines were sent to the Cilician castles they took from the Arabs. " ([16])
"The first ARMENIAN Episcopacy was established in Nicosia in 973, the second ARMENIAN Episcopacy in Famagusta. Starting from 1080, when the Cilicia principality was established in Anatolia, there will be a great rapprochement between CYPRUS and CILICIA ARMENIANS. " ([17])
"After the death of King GAGIK I, his son III. Smbat (1020-1040) has passed. When the Seljuks entered Vaspuragan in 1021, the Byzantine Empire wanted to secure the eastern border and seized the lands of the Vaspuragan Principality. Vaspuragan King Senekerim was placed in the lands around Kayseri and Sivas with the title of Cappadocia Magistro. Because the Byzantine Emperor Basileos wanted Kars and Ani Armenian kingdoms, he advanced eastward, and Sımbat, the son of GAGIK I, transferred his powers to Basileios. Emperor Basileos donated the palace and lands around Kayseri to the King of Ani, and gave lands around Amasya and Tokat to the Bey of Kars. In 1040, the Byzantines definitely annexed the territory of the Bagratli kingdom to the empire. In 1045, the Ani Bagratli Principality was terminated by the Byzantine Empire. King GAGIK ABAS has settled in Tzanmantos in Cappadocia. " ([18])
"In 1064/1065, Seljuk Sultan Alparslan captured Ani. With the capture of Ani by the Seljuks, the Armenian aristocrats who served the Byzantine Empire began to migrate to the west, and this migration accelerated when the Turks defeated the Byzantines in Malazgirt in 1071. During this period, the Armenians settled in the region from Sivas to Antakya and gradually spread to Cilicia. " ([19])
"The entire population of Tell Hamdun, an Armenian city, moved to CYPRUS in 1136, when the Emperor John II Komninos attacked Little ARMENIA in the south of CILICA. Since the beginning of the Lusignan period in 1192, the Armenians living in Western Europe, Cilicia and the Eastern Mediterranean started to migrate to CYPRUS in masses. In the following centuries, thousands of KİLİKYALI ARMENIANS who fled from the attacks of the Arabs on CILICIA also take refuge in CYPRUS. " ([20])
Also, this section of history should not be overlooked. "The adventures of the KARAMANOĞULLARI Principality, which started with the Mongol invasion, came to ANATOLIA and their homeland here, they have existed in this geography for approximately 2.5 centuries." "The KARAMAN Beys attacked the territory of the CILICIA ARMENIAN Kingdom from the beginning in order to settle the nomads who were subordinate to them and to obtain pastures. The Principality, which became stronger afterwards, expanded its relationship with the Christian states with the arrival of the Mediterranean coast, and established relations with the Latin Kingdom of CYPRUS, the Republic of VENICE and the Knights of Rhodes on the axis of both struggle and friendly alliances. "At the time when Tâceddin İbrahim Bey took over the KARAMANIAN PEOPLE, it was not possible to talk about any Armenian Baroness in KİLİKYA. As a result of the intense attacks of the previous KARAMAN Beys and MEMLKLER, the ARMENIAN BARGAIN in KİLİKYA was destroyed (1375). However, they were continuing their activities under the supervision of the Crusader Kingdom of CYPRUS in GORIGOS (Maiden's Castle), which is at a strategic point on the Mediterranean coast. II. During the period of İbrahim Bey, he developed friendly relations with the Armenians and the Crusader Kingdom of CYPRUS. Because the Kingdom of CYPRUS took this castle under its sovereignty and undertook the patronage of the Armenians living here. II. İbrahim Bey's relations with the Armenians were limited to this castle. " ([21])
“On the island, which was taken by the Venetians on 14 March 1489, especially Greeks, Armenians and especially Maronites lived in a captive life in 4 different Maroni villages in the north of the island as a result of pressure, while Cyprus was taken by the Ottoman state in 1571, freedom and freedom and They began to enjoy freedom and this situation continued until 1878, when the island was taken by England, from trade to social life.
"After the Armenians living in the region opened the Paphos Gate, which is the border that opens to the Greek side today, the Ottoman soldiers also started to enter the Surlariçi region. This closeness shown by the Armenians against the Turkish soldiers coming to CYPRUS is essentially an important phenomenon. Following the census and census carried out after the Ottoman conquest of the island, it was determined that there were approximately 85,000 Armenian, Greek, Maronite and Coptic male populations in the 14-50 age group in Cyprus. Apart from the Armenians who came to Cyprus with their own consent, Armenians from different regions of the empire were brought to the island within the scope of the Ottoman strategy of Turkification of the island. " “Regarding the subject, Armenian lawyer NUBAR MAKSUTYAN also gives examples of the tolerance of Turks towards minorities on the island on various occasions and emphasizes the“ vast tolerance of Turks towards Christians ”. Apart from that, “By expressing the respect of the Turks to foreign religions, Turkish administrators did not need Latin churches, stables, warehouses, warehouses, etc., as in the Venetian period. It is given to the Christian communities on the island, provided that it is not used for such purposes and only serves religious purposes ”. In this context, immediately after the conquest of Nicosia, the Armenians of Nicosia applied to the Governor of Cyprus Muzaffer Pasha and requested NOTRE DAME to give the TIRE Church to them. Both NOTRE DAME and TIRE Church, which was used as a salt warehouse by the Venetians for years, are transferred to the Armenians. Immediately after the conquest, the SOUP MEGAR ARMENIAN monastery, located in the Beşparmak Mountains, was given privileges in terms of taxes. Regarding the issue, the British Minister of Colonies Chamberlaine said, "... ARMENIANS are not liked by the Cypriot Christians on the island. Therefore, the establishment of a colony of ARMENIAN immigrants here will not be welcomed by the society. " his words are a proper determination. During this period, the Ottoman administration also benefited from the Armenians who knew different languages on the island well, and as a result, good examples were exhibited in the context of trade, real estate exchange and social life. The Ottoman sovereignty of the island of CYPRUS after 1571 was a period of tolerance, reconciliation and fair administration especially for the Armenians, and with the new administration model that emerged, the Ottoman and Armenian society continued to live in good neighborly relations. Those who reacted to the atmosphere of mutual harmony and tolerance were the Greeks living on the island. The monastery, which was severely damaged by the earthquake, was almost rebuilt in the period of 1811-1814 and in 1895, after it was taken over by the ARMENIAN Orphans Fund in Nicosia, it was turned into a camp for ARMENIAN children. During this period, the Armenians on the island were interested in trade and especially handicrafts, as in the later period, and turned to different professions, especially copper and tin works and blacksmithing. In the later period, silkworm breeding by IRAN ARMENIANS was also included. During this period, mainly Armenians work in Büyük Han (Alanyalılar Inn) and Tımarcılar Han, which is known as the commercial heart of the capital Nicosia. " ([22])
[1] Prof. Dr. Ali Aksu-Cyprus in the Period of Umayyads and Abbasids
[2] Prof. Dr. Nedim İpek-Population Migration in Cyprus During the Ottoman Period
[3] Dr. Melike Karabacak- Slavery in Cyprus in the 19th Century
[4] Dr. Lecturer Alev DURAN- Prof. Dr. Abdulhalûk Mehmet Çay 35th Year Gift Book
[5] Assist. Assoc. Dr. Davut Kılıç-Gregorian Armenian Church in Anatolia until the Seljuks (451-1100)
[6] Assist. Assoc. Dr. Güner SAĞIR- Armenian Settlements in Anatolia During the Byzantine Empire Period
[7] Dilek KIZTANIR- The Armenian Ascot Kingdom and Its Relations with Byzantium
[8] Sir George Hill, A History of Cyprus, Cambridge 1972, Vol: 1, p.281 (Can-Kibrisim)
[9] Engin ÖZTÜRK-Armenians in Anatolia During the Byzantine Empire Period (330 - 641)
[10] Peter CHARANIS- Relocation as a State Policy in the Byzantine Empire
[11] http://users.metu.edu.tr/birten/bizans.html
[12] Assist. Assoc. Dr. Güner SAĞIR- Armenian Settlements in Anatolia During the Byzantine Empire Period
[13] Asst. Assoc. Dr. Güner SAĞIR- Armenian Settlements in Anatolia During the Byzantine Empire Period
[14] Dilek KIZTANIR- The Armenian Ashot Kingdom and Its Relations with Byzantium
[15] Assist. Assoc. Dr. Güner SAĞIR- Armenian Settlements in Anatolia During the Byzantine Empire Period
[16] Assist. Assoc. Dr. Güner SAĞIR- Armenian Settlements in Anatolia During the Byzantine Empire Period
[17] Tuncer Bağışkan- Armenians in the History of Cyprus
[18] Assist. Assoc. Dr. Güner SAĞIR- Armenian Settlements in Anatolia During the Byzantine Empire Period
[19] Assist. Assoc. Dr. Güner SAĞIR- Armenian Settlements in Anatolia During the Byzantine Empire Period
[20] Tuncer Bağışkan- Armenians in the History of Cyprus
[21] Hasan TAŞKIRAN- TÂCEDDİN II. THE GENERAL COURSE OF THE RELATIONS OF THE KARAMANOOLS WITH CHRISTIAN STATES IN THE IBRAHIM BEY PERIOD (1423-1464)
[22] Ulvi KESER- Muharrem ÖZDEMİR- Minorities in Cyprus: Armenians, Marûni and Abroad
Kenan Mutlu Gurses
Cem Cüneyd Canan